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.White s strong pawn center has pushedback Black s pieces on the queenside, especially the knight.The time hascome for White to take action.16.d5!White s center starts to move.Soon nothing will be left of its previousbeauty, but it will achieve its goal.White s advantage in the center turnsinto a direct attack on the king.16.exd517.exd5 Qe7It would be very bad to play 17.Bxd5 because of 18.Qe5 f6 19.Qh5;or 17.Bc3 18.Bf5! Rc4 19.Ne5; or 17.Re8 18.Ne5 f6 19.Bxh7+,in all cases with a big advantage for White.18.Ne5 f6256Diagram 309 Position after 18.f619.Qh5!After this move, White cannot conclude the game without sacrifices  butthey are as natural as a baby s smile.19.g620.Nxg6! hxg621.Bxg6 Qg7For a piece, White has two pawns and a strong attack against the Blackking, who is protected by only a queen.With his next move, White bringsa rook into the attack.22.Rd3 Bd6If 22.Ba6, then 23.Rg3, with decisive threats.For instance, the greedy23.Bxf1? leads to forced mate: 24.Bh7+ Kh8 25.Bf5+ Kg8 26.Rxg7+Kxg7 27.Qh7 mate.23.f4!257Diagram 310 Position after 23.f4!After this move (guaranteeing the White rook entrance to the g-file), Blackcannot hold off the attack.23.Qh824.Qg4 Bc5+25.Kh1 Rc7And now for the mating finale.26.Bh7++! Kf727.Qe6+ Kg728.Rg3+Black resigns because of the unstoppable checkmate next move.Modern chess theory teaches us that simply occupying the center withpawns is not necessarily advantageous.The most important idea is tocontrol the center, not merely to fill it with pawns.So it is important totake into account the number of White and Black pieces in the center, orcontrolling the central squares.After all, the center is made up of squares,not pawns! This point is very important to remember.B.Undermining the pawn centerUndermining is one of the most effective ways of fighting against a pawncenter.Properly timed, undermining can weaken the opponent s central258position and sharply change the character of the game.This strategy canoccur during any phase of the game.Let s look at some examples.Game 74Letelier  FischerLeipzig, 19601.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 0-0 5.e5 Ne8 6.f4 d6 7.Be3Diagram 311 Position after 7.Be37.c5!White s pawn center is under attack and begins to fall apart.There is nocoordination between White s pawn center and the rest of his pieces.8.dxc5 Nc69.cxd6White gains a pawn, but is significantly behind in development.9.exd610.Ne4 Bf5!259Diagram 312 Position after 10.Bf5!11.Ng3Relatively better was 11.Nxd6 Nxd6 12.Qxd6 Qxd6 13.exd6 Bxb2 14.Rd1 Nb4! 15.Kf2 Nxa2 16.Ne2 (16.Rd2 Nc3!) 16.a5.11.Be612.Nf3 Qc713.Qb1 dxe514.f5Diagram 313 Position after 14.f514.e4!A beautiful kick in the center, in the same place where White s army ofpawns once stood.15.fxe6260On 15.Qxe4 Black replies 15.gxf5!, and if 16.Nxf5? then 16.Qa5+,winning a piece.15.exf316.gxf3 f5The attack comes first, above all!17.f4 Nf618.Be2 Rfe8Diagram 314 Position after 18.Rfe8The time has come for Black s heavy pieces to pay attention to the e-file.19.Kf2 Rxe620.Re1 Rae821.Bf3 Rxe3!The idea of this move should be understandable now, since we havealready discussed weak square complexes.22.Rxe3 Rxe323.Kxe3261Diagram 315 Position after 23.Kxe323.Qxf4+!White resigns because of 24.Kxf4 Bh6 mate; or 24.Kf2 Ng4+ 25.Kg2Ne3+ 26.Kf2 Nd4 27.Qh1 Ng4+ 28.Kf1 Nxf3, with a clear win.Game 75Botvinnik  PetrosianMoscow, 1963Diagram 316 Position after White s 42nd move42.c5!Undermining White s pawn center, taking control of the dark squares,decreasing the value of White s bishop, and turning White s pawns intotargets for attack.A worthwhile move!43.d5 Ne544.Rf1?262Better was 44.Nc4 Nxc4 45.bxc4 Bg6 (or 45.Nc8) 46.e5!, and inreturn for the pawn White gets drawing chances.44.Bg645.Ke1 Nc8Diagram 317 Position after 45.Nc8Black has all the necessary conditions for improving the position of hispieces.With the Black knight on d6, Black will exert more power on thecenter of the board.46.Rdf2 Rf747.Kd2 Nd648.Nf5+This move is necessary because the pawn on e4 is being attacked, but themove brings White s counterplay on the f-file to an end.48.Bxf549.exf5 c4!After this it is easier for Black to coordinate his threats.50.Rb1 b5!263Diagram 318 Position after 50.b5!Making even more trouble for White.The initiative is firmly in Black shands.51.b4 c3+52.Kxc3 Rc7+Now White s king becomes a target.53.Kd2 Nec4+54.Kd1 Na3Diagram 319 Position after 54.Na3All of Black s pieces attack.55.Rb2 Ndc456.Ra2 axb457.axb5 Nxb526458.Ra6 Nc3+The struggle is over.59.Kc1 Nxd560.Ba4 Rec861.Ne1 Nf4White resignsTo help us understand both the strengths and weaknesses of the pawncenter, let s look at a variation of Alekhine s Defense.Game 76Instructive ExampleAlekhine s Defense1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.c4 Nb6 5.f4 dxe5 6.fxe5 c5 7.d5 e6 8.Nc3 exd5 9.cxd5 Qh4+ 10.g3 Qd4Diagram 320 Position after 10.Qd4Black has moved his queen into the center behind White s advancedpawns.But as the course of the game will show, Black will not be able towin those pawns, and White will have a significant space advantage.11.Bb5+!265This way White gets to keep the queens on the board, and can comfortablydeploy his pieces.It would be a mistake to play 11.Qxd4 because of 11.cxd4 12.Nb5 Nxd5.11.Bd712.Qe2! Nxd5It looks as if the goal has been reached: White s pawns in the center havebeen destroyed.But there is a big price to pay!13.e6! fxe6It would be bad to play 13.Bxb5 because of 14.Nxb5 Qb4+ 15.Bd2Qxb2 16.exf7+ Kxf7 17.Qh5+ Ke6 18.Nf3! Qxa1+ 19.Kf2!.14.Qxe6+ Ne715.Nf3Diagram 321 Position after 15.Nf3This position is better for White.Even though Black has an extra pawn,his king is in the center, his queen is in an exposed location, and it will bedifficult for Black to develop his pieces.After 15.Qf6 16.Qe2 Whitewill develop with tempo (e.g.Bg5) and his initiative will grow.C.Pieces against the pawn centerIn this section we will consider the role of pieces in the struggle againstthe pawn center.Pawns are the best units for creation of the centerbecause, unlike pieces, they are able to maintain control of this vital areain the face of central attacks by opposing pawns.Nevertheless, sometimes266pieces in the center are effective. Long-distance pressure created by thecombined forces of the rooks and bishops can have a significant impact aswell.Game 77Nezmetdinov  TalMoscow, 1957Diagram 322 Position after White s 13th move13.Ncxe5White has broken apart his pawn structure in the center in order to open upfiles.Black, in return, has overestimated the position and played to gainthe advantage by capturing the center pawn.The right move here is themore modest 13.Nxc5.14.Nxe5 Nxe515.Qd4 f616.f4 Nc6?Better was 16.Nd7 17.f5 Re8 18.fxe6 Nxc5 19.Bf3 Bxe6, leading toan endgame that may be tenable.17.Qe3 Rd818.Rad1 e519.fxe5 fxe5267Diagram 323 Position after 19.fxe5Black has a central pawn duo, but how shaky it is!20.Bb5! Bb7Or 20.d4 21.Bc4+ Kh8 22.Qg5 Be6 23.Bxe6 dxc3 24.Bd5, with anadvantage for White.21.Qg3 Rd7Diagram 324 Position after 21.Rd722.Rf2! Re822.d4? would be met by 23.Bc4+ Kh8 24.Rdf1.23.h3 Ba824.Ba4 Bb7Black waits because he has no useful moves, while White continues tobuild up a decisive assault.26825.Kh1 Ba826.Rf5Diagram 325 Position after 26.Rf526.e4A mistake made in time trouble.More resistance is offered by 26.g6,even though after 27.Bxc6 Qxc6 28.Rxe5 Rf8 29.Bd4, White shouldwin.27.Qxc7 Rxc728 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]