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. Most of the time, you will combine observation with interviewing and other research skills. You do not need to be a detective, but you cannot be oblivious to what is going on, either. If you find yourself dependent on others for detail and description, you must contend with possible distortions of fact. Thus, the more you see for yourself, the richer your article is. Most people are simply not accustomed to noting detail as detectives do, and you have to train yourself through practice to do it well.Given that there are certain risks in using observation, Rivers (1975) recommends these guidelines to avoid the potential pitfalls:Page 851. Remember the process of distortion. People tend to change what they see to become consistent with their own previous experiences. And there is also distortion of perspective. Point of view can give you a different look at matters from someone else's point of view.2. Recall emotional states. Your emotional response to a situation can affect what you see and later recall.3. Concentrate on important details. It is possible to observe too much.4. Seek other evidence. Consider the perspectives of others.5. Observe unobtrusively. If people know you are intentionally watching, it may affect their normal behavior. This does not preclude observation that is known to the source, but do not interfere with what you are observing.6. Become a participant if you can, but only if you want this special point of view. You are certain to distort behavior of those around you if your purpose is known, but often the experience is still worth it for your article.7. Watch for nonverbal communication such as body language. What a person says is not all that the person communicates.Author Jacqueline Briskin (1979) recommends one rather unusual technique that may lend a guiding hand to your observational talents. She suggests that when you are out looking around touring a museum, for example, to research a story sometimes your camera can help you with your note taking. The pictures don't have to be publishable. Yet the approach makes good sense. The detail contained in a picture might just jog your memory or provide the image for a description needed in your article. In fact, Briskin calls her 35 mm camera (or any inexpensive pocketsize instant camera, for that matter) her most important research tool. Just consider how a camera especially the instant nature of a modern digital camera might help you capture the color and pageantry of a festival or block party. You might just decide this tool would help you also, especially if you do not plan to write your article right away. In this case a picture might really be worth a thousand words in your notebook.Page 86Getting Personally InvolvedThe participant form of journalistic observation is unique because you get involved in the story personally. As a participant, you may actually become part of the story. This can have certain advantages, such as in travel writing when you relate your personal travel experiences to readers. Other approaches are more third personoriented and do not thrust you as a writer into the middle of the story.You can accomplish some research for stories by experiencing an activity yourself. Usually this is research that you simply could not find from other sources. Some serious subjects require it, especially if the article subject involves illegal or, at least, questionable, activities. Because sources, when confronted with tough questions about illegal or morally and ethically questionable activities, will almost always deny involvement, you get firsthand knowledge by becoming a participant and witness. However, in addition to being potentially dangerous, these stories present ethical problems because there can be no disclosure that you are a writer. Many professionals discourage this because they believe it is a form of deception. But in some cases it may be necessary. Other professionals feel it is a necessary and legitimate form of information gathering. Ultimately, you and your editors must judge that.On less serious feature stories, some excellent feature articles can result from doityourself experiences. One student in Florida, when assigned to write a feature story based on participant observation, took a flying lesson and learned the basics of piloting a private plane. Another student took the assignment a step further and actually jumped out of a plane! She was taking parachuting lessons, of course, with a licensed instructor. Both experiences resulted in fine first person feature stories that dependence on another person's descriptions would not produce.Other stories may be supplemented by participating in one or more activities. A feature article about hospital volunteers might be strengthened if the writer took the time to go through a training program and actually volunteered for a few hours
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