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.Mostcommands are documented as a manual page that can be found with theman command.To quickly find all the items that are related to XFree86, tryTIME SAVERman -k XF86.This gives you a list of the documents to be called.A secondplace to look for documentation is in the directories /usr/doc and /usr/doc/HOWTO.The /usr/doc area contains documentation for packages thatwere installed onto your system.The /usr/doc/HOWTO contains a referencearea of various HOWTOs and helpful tips on setting up items.Having Your Machine Always Start in XWi ndowIf you always want your machine to start the X Window manager so you don t have to typestartx when you log in, you only have to edit one file.Log in as root and edit the /etc/inittab file.This file is used by init to start various utilities.Changing the line beginning with id enables X to always start on boot.# Default runlevel.The runlevels used by RHS are:# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)# 1 - Single user mode# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)# 3 - Full multiuser mode# 4 - unused# 5 - X11# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)#id:5:initdefault:40 Hour 3The default run level of a Linux box is 3.Changing the number to 5, as it is in the precedingexample, starts the X Window system, using the xdm program to manage logins.Getting to a Virtual Terminal from XWhile in X you can get back to a text virtual terminal by using the Control-Altkeystrokes versus the normal Alt keystrokes.To change from the X window(opened on terminal 7) to another console, press Ctrl-Alt-F2 to get to the secondvirtual terminal.To get back, press Alt-F7.3PARTIILearning LinuxBasicsHour4 Reading and Navigation Commands5 Manipulation and SearchingCommands6 Using the Shell7 Using the X Window System8 Exploring Other X11 WindowManagersReading and Navigation Commands 43PARTIIHour 4Reading and4Navigation CommandsThis hour introduces you to the basic Linux commands you ll use for navigat-ing, searching, and reading files and directories of your file system (thedirectories of your Linux partition).After working through the material, youshould know how to get help on commands, find out where you are in Linux,and how to find files on your hard drive.The hour starts with navigating andsearching your directory, and moves on to show you how to read directories andfiles.But first, you ll learn how to help yourself with the man command.Getting Help with the man CommandOne of the first things to know about Linux is that help is never far away.Likemost implementations of UNIX, your Linux distribution comes with manualpages for nearly each utility, command, or programming system call.You canget information about nearly any command, including man, by typing# man manManual pages started out in UNIX as one-page descriptions, available on-line,usually under the /usr/man directory.The file for each manual page is named44 Hour 4with a single-digit extension, and placed in a subdirectory under /usr/man.For example, themanual page for man would be named and found as/usr/man/man1/man.1If you want to understand the format and placement of manual pages, you won t find thisinformation in man.1, but in man.7 under /usr/man/man7.If you look at Table 4.1, you ll seethe locations and contents of each manual section.Table 4.1.The Linux manual sections.Directory Contents/usr/man/man1 Commands: commands you run from within a shell/usr/man/man2 System calls: documentation for kernel functions/usr/man/man3 Library calls: manual pages for libc functions/usr/man/man4 Special files: information about files in the /dev directory/usr/man/man5 File formats: details of formats for /etc/passwd and other files/usr/man/man6 Games/usr/man/man7 Macro packages: descriptions of the Linux file system, manpages, and others/usr/man/man8 System management: manual pages for root operator utilities/usr/man/man9 Kernel routines: documentation on Linux kernel sourceroutinesEach manual page traditionally has a number of sections, with the documentation for thecommand broken down into sections.Look at Table 4.2 for the organization of a manualpage.Table 4.2.Organization of a manual page [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]